자유게시판

• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

N the graphs in Figure 4A. Whereas in both the saline-injected and fibrin 377-395 peptide-injected animals, the number of activated microglia increased with age, the rate of increase was reduced in the fibrin 377-395 peptide-injected animals, indicating that the conjugated fibrin 377-395 peptides reduces the rate of activation of microglial cells. The -Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been shown to be an effective mechanism of delivery for peptides in the mammalian brain [37,38]. The nanoparticles alone showed no effects, and no neurotoxicity effects of the nanoparticles were observed [36-41]. In addition to staining for activated microglia exclusively, we also stained sections with ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) a marker for all microglia. The results of this PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/744568 are shown in Figure 3I and 3J, where it is PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715270 seen that the percentage of amoeboid cells is higher in the hemisphere injected with fibrin 377-395 peptide. The results for injection of the unconjugated peptide revealed a different pattern: In contrast to the conjugated peptide, while the number of activated microglia increased with age, no significant changes were found between the saline and unconjugated peptide-injected conditions (Figure 3, bottom rows). These results are summarized in Figure 4B. While a significant difference was found for age (F = 6.56; df = 1,54; p 0.05), no significant differences in the number of activated microglial cells when compared with saline controls (F = 0.002; df = 1,54; NS; No significant interaction was found between age and treatment: F = 3.89, df = 1,54; NS). We interpret these results to mean that the unconjugated peptide was ineffective at reducing the rate of activation of microglial cells.Effects of microglial inhibition on hypersphosphorylated tau and NFTsFigure 1 TEM image of the fibrin 377-395 peptide-conjugated -Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the fibrin 377-395 peptide-conjugated -Fe2O3 nanoparticles demonstrates that these nanoparticles are stable against agglomeration and possess 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane a diameter of 21 ?3.5 nm.After establishing a practical method of delivery for the inactivation of microglia in the transgenic mice model, we sought to determine whether microglial inhibition affected the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neocortical neurons. After injecting the fibrin 377-395 peptide-conjugated -Fe2O3 nanoparticles, the average hyperphosphorylated tau per area surrounding the site of injection was quantified using AT8 antibody staining (Figure 5). Overall, no significant differences were found in the number of cells containing hyperphosphorylated tau (white arrows) in the fibrin-injected brain areasGlat et al. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2013, 11:32 http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/11/1/Page 4 ofFigure 2 Localization of the fibrin 377-395 peptide-conjugated -Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the frontal cortex. The -Fe2O3 nanoparticles were stained with potassium ferocyanide (blue). No staining was seen in the hemisphere injected with saline (A, C) and free fibrin 377-395 peptide (B). Positive staining (D) (arrows) indicates the presence of the nanoparticles. Scale bar: 50 m.when compared with those in saline-injected 3-Bromo-5-chloro-2-fluoroaniline control hemispheres (F = 0.05;df = 1,289;NS). A significant difference was found for age (F = 4.22; df = 1,289; p 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found between age and treatment: (F = 29.5; df = 1,289; p 0.05), revealing an opposing effect between the "yo.